Zirconium silicate: the invisible giant in the high-tech era
With the rapid development of science and technology, new breakthroughs are constantly being made in the field of new materials. Among them, zirconium silicate, as an important inorganic material, not only plays a core role in the traditional ceramic industry, but also shows a wide range of application prospects in the high-tech field.
Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄) is a grayish white, water-insoluble inorganic substance with a theoretical composition of 67.1% ZrO₂ and 32.9% SiO₂.
It has a high melting point (2500 degrees Celsius), a high refractive index (1.93-2.01) and excellent chemical stability. These characteristics and the advantages they bring make zirconium silicate shine in many fields.
Significant whitening effect:
The baddeleyite formed by zirconium silicate in ceramic glaze can effectively scatter incident light waves, significantly improving the whiteness and glossiness of the glaze, and is an ideal material for ceramic whitening.
Strong chemical stability:
Zirconium silicate has extremely strong chemical stability and can resist the erosion of a variety of acids, alkalis and corrosive substances, ensuring that it can maintain stable performance in various harsh environments.
Excellent high temperature resistance:
The high melting point enables zirconium silicate to maintain its structure and performance stability in high temperature environments, making it an ideal raw material for preparing high-temperature ceramics and refractory materials.
Enhance glaze hardness and wear resistance:
The addition of zirconium silicate can significantly improve the hardness and wear resistance of ceramic glazes and extend the service life of products.
Environmentally friendly and pollution-free:
As an inorganic material, zirconium silicate is non-toxic and harmless, will not pollute the environment, and meets the requirements of modern green production.
Zirconium silicate is widely used in the production of architectural ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily-use ceramics and handicraft ceramics due to its excellent opacity and the above advantages.
It can not only improve the bonding performance of ceramic body and glaze, but also improve the overall quality of glaze, making ceramic products more beautiful and durable.
Color picture tubes in the television industry:
The application of zirconium silicate in color picture tubes improves the clarity and color saturation of the displayed image, bringing a more realistic visual experience to the audience.
Emulsified glass:
In the glass industry, zirconium silicate is used as an emulsifier to help manufacture high-transparency and high-strength glass products, which are widely used in automobiles, construction and other fields.
High-performance materials:
Nano-scale zirconium silicate is an ideal choice for preparing high-end ceramics and functional materials, such as wear-resistant coatings and thermal insulation materials, due to its unique nano effect and the above advantages.
With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the application field of zirconium silicate will be further expanded. In the future, we will see more high-performance and environmentally friendly zirconium silicate products come out, contributing more to scientific and technological progress and social development. In short, as an important inorganic material, zirconium silicate has shown great development potential in the ceramic industry and high-tech fields with its unique advantages and broad application prospects. We have reason to believe that in the future development, zirconium silicate will continue to play its unique advantages and become an important force to promote the progress of the industry.
Titanium Dioxide - One of the World's Best White Pigments
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium dioxide, has the chemical formula TiO2 and is a white pigment with excellent performance. Nano titanium dioxide is an important type of inorganic functional material, also known as nano titanium dioxide. Nano titanium dioxide is a fine titanium dioxide powder made by a special process.
Application fields
1. Application in pigments and coatings
Pigment-grade titanium dioxide has high refractive index, strong tinting power, large hiding power, good dispersibility and whiteness, is non-toxic and has stable physical and chemical properties, and has excellent optical and electrical properties. It is widely used in latex paint, coil and iron printing coatings, automotive paints, powder coatings and other fields, accounting for more than 90% of all white pigments used, which can improve product quality, add color and brighten. Titanium dioxide with a particle size of 200~400nm also has functions such as ultraviolet shielding, electrostatic shielding, wear resistance and scratch resistance, improves coating adhesion and prevents sagging.
2. Application in textiles and chemical fibers
Textiles and chemical fibers are an important application field of titanium dioxide. It has a high refractive index, which makes it perform well in optical properties. Therefore, it is often used as a matting agent for synthetic fibers. Generally speaking, only 0.2%~0.5% of TiO2 needs to be added to synthetic fibers to obtain a significant matting effect.
3. Application in the papermaking industry
The papermaking industry is an important application field of titanium dioxide, which is often used for decorative paper, Bible paper and banknotes. Paper using titanium dioxide has the characteristics of high whiteness, high strength, good gloss, thin and smooth, and opaque printing. The opacity is much higher than that of calcium carbonate and talcum powder, and the weight is also lighter.
4. Application in cosmetics
TiO2 can absorb, reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, and can play a role in protecting against ultraviolet radiation. It has certain application potential in the field of cosmetics. However, nano-TiO2 itself has a large specific surface energy, strong polarity, and is easy to agglomerate, which affects the actual application effect. Therefore, nano-TiO2 is usually surface-modified before being used in the cosmetics field.
5. Application in the plastics industry
The plastics industry is an important application field for titanium dioxide, and its consumption accounts for about 20% of the total. There are more than 50 special plastic titanium dioxide brands in the world. In addition to its high hiding power and color-reducing power, titanium dioxide can also improve the heat resistance, light resistance, and weather resistance of plastic products, and improve their mechanical and electrical properties.
6. Application in the ink industry
Titanium dioxide has good whiteness, small and uniform particle size, high refractive index, high tinting power and hiding power, good physical and chemical stability, light diffusion, light resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance and hydrophobicity, making it not only an indispensable white pigment in ink manufacturing, but also a necessary raw material for the preparation of many intermediate color ink products.
7. Application in the rubber industry
Titanium dioxide is used as a colorant in the rubber industry, and it also has the functions of filling, anti-aging, acid and alkali resistance and reinforcement. Adding titanium dioxide to white and light-colored rubber products will make the finished products have the characteristics of slow aging, high strength, no cracking, no fading, large elongation and acid and alkali resistance.
8. Application in medical and health care
TiO2 photocatalytic materials can destroy the cell walls and cell membranes of bacteria, thereby playing a role in sterilization and disinfection. Nano-TiO2 can decompose pathogens and endotoxins. TiO2 photocatalytic antibacterial building materials are used in places where bacteria multiply in large numbers, such as hospital wards and operating rooms, to degrade endotoxins on solid surfaces and in liquids at room temperature.
9. Application in batteries
Solar cells are a sustainable green energy source. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have low costs, relatively simple manufacturing methods, are non-toxic, harmless, and pollution-free, and have good development prospects. TiO2 can be used in the production of dye-sensitized solar cells. Adding nano-Au, Ag or Pt and other precious metal particles to the surface of TiO2 electrodes, doping with non-metallic ions and transition metal complexes can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO2. TiO2 can also be used as an electronic buffer layer material in perovskite solar cells, as well as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.
Application of Ultrafine Powder Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations
Ultrafine powder technology is a new chemical engineering technology that is currently popular in various countries. It began in the 1970s and has broad development prospects in the pharmaceutical industry. This article introduces the application of ultrafine powder technology in traditional Chinese medicine preparations and analyzes its impact on the quality and process of drug preparations.
At present, powders with a particle size of less than 3μm are called ultrafine powders abroad. Ultrafine powder technology refers to the preparation and use of ultrafine powders and related technologies. The research content includes the preparation, classification, separation, drying, surface modification, particle composite, particle size measurement, safety technology in the manufacturing and storage and transportation process of ultrafine powders. Ultrafine powder technology is also called ultrafine grinding technology and cell-level micro-grinding technology. This is a purely physical process. It can increase the median particle size of animal and plant medicinal powders obtained by traditional grinding technology from about 75 μm to below 5-10 μm. This technology has gradually been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, especially the use of ultrafine particles of drugs in external medicines, oral medicines and suspension injections. Therefore, the introduction of ultrafine powder technology in the pharmaceutical industry is inevitable for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the use of ultrafine powder technology to micronize drugs will also have a certain impact on the quality of the drugs and the process of drug preparations.
In actual industrial production, the medicinal materials are often pre-treated by coarse grinding using traditional methods, and then further ultra-finely ground after screening to achieve the required particle size specifications (grading). The application of ultra-fine powder technology of traditional Chinese medicine has brought about the innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine dosage forms, and broadened the dosage forms of crude drugs.
The key to the ultra-fine grinding process is to judge the appropriate grinding force field according to the physical properties of the crude drug, so as to select effective ultra-fine grinding equipment. At present, the ultra-fine grinding methods of traditional Chinese medicine mainly include mechanical grinding, vibration grinding and air flow grinding. There are many domestic ultra-fine grinding production industrial equipment for sale, including vibration mill, mechanical shearing mill, low-temperature mill, air flow mill. The latter two are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, and among the air flow mills, the fluidized bed air flow ultra-fine mill is the most widely used.
Mechanical ultrafine grinding can be divided into dry grinding and wet grinding. According to the different principles of generating grinding force during the grinding process, dry grinding includes air flow type, high-frequency vibration type, rotating ball (rod) mill type, hammer type and self-grinding type. Wet grinding mainly includes colloid mill and homogenizer.
Modern ultrafine powder technology is a microscopic combination of drugs, making full use of micronization, compounding, precision, surface modification and particle design technology to make drugs reach a higher level. In this regard, there is a wide range of technical space for research and utilization. In-depth research and application of this technology will be a new technical growth point and a new economic growth point for traditional Chinese medicine.
6 common ultrafine grinding process flows, which one is suitable for your powder?
Impact ultrafine grinding process generally refers to the grinding and grading process for preparing powders with a particle size distribution of d97≤10μm, which is divided into dry method and wet method. At present, the ultrafine grinding unit operation (i.e. one-stage ultrafine grinding) used in industry has the following process flows:
1. Open circuit process
Generally, flat or disc-type, circulating tube-type and other air flow mills often use this open circuit process flow because they have the function of self-grading. In addition, intermittent ultrafine grinding also often uses this process flow.
The advantage of this process flow is that the process is simple, but for ultrafine grinders that do not have the function of self-grading, since there is no classifier in this process flow, qualified ultrafine powder products cannot be separated in time. Therefore, the particle size distribution range of general products is relatively wide.
2. Closed circuit process
Its characteristic is that the classifier and ultrafine grinder form an ultrafine grinding-fine grading closed circuit system. This process flow is often used for continuous grinding operations of general ball mills, stirred mills, high-speed mechanical impact mills, vibration mills, etc.
Its advantage is that it can timely separate qualified ultrafine powder products, thus reducing the agglomeration of fine particles and improving the efficiency of ultrafine grinding.
3. Open-circuit process with pre-grading
Its characteristic is that the material is first graded before entering the ultrafine grinder, and the fine-grained material is directly used as the ultrafine powder product. The coarse-grained material enters the ultrafine grinder for grinding. When the feed contains a large number of qualified ultrafine powders, this process can reduce the load of the grinder, reduce the energy consumption of the unit ultrafine powder product, and improve the operation efficiency.
4. Closed-circuit process with pre-grading
This combination of operations not only helps to improve the grinding efficiency and reduce the energy consumption per unit product, but also controls the particle size distribution of the product.
This process can also be simplified to only set up one classifier, that is, the same classifier is used for pre-grading and inspection and grading.
5. Open-circuit process with final classification
The characteristic of this grinding process is that one or more classifiers can be set after the grinder to obtain more than two products with different fineness and particle size distribution.
6. Open-circuit process with pre-classification and final classification
This process can not only pre-separate some qualified fine-grained products to reduce the load of the crusher, but also the final classification equipment can obtain more than two products with different fineness and particle size distribution.
How to set the number of ultra-fine grinding stages?
In terms of grinding methods, ultra-fine grinding processes can be divided into three types: dry (one or more stages) grinding, wet (one or more stages) grinding, and dry-wet combined multi-stage grinding.
The number of grinding stages mainly depends on the particle size of the raw materials and the required product fineness.
For raw materials with relatively coarse particle size, a process flow of first fine grinding or fine grinding and then ultra-fine grinding can be adopted. Generally, the raw materials can be crushed to 74μm or 43μm and then a stage of ultra-fine grinding process can be adopted;
For materials with very fine product particle size requirements and easy to agglomerate, a multi-stage ultra-fine grinding process flow can be adopted in series to improve operating efficiency.
However, generally speaking, the more grinding stages there are, the more complex the process flow and the greater the engineering investment.
What are the uses of talcum powder in plastic modification?
The most significant product used in plastics is a white finely crushed product that can produce a flake structure. Due to its special flake structure, talcum powder is an effective reinforcing material in plastics. It can give plastics higher rigidity and creep resistance regardless of room temperature or high temperature. Moreover, the fine talcum powder with a white flake structure also has a good solid luster.
The influence of talcum powder on plastic properties The addition of talcum powder can change various properties of plastics, such as molding shrinkage, surface hardness, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, heat deformation temperature, molding process and product dimensional stability.
Application in polypropylene resin (PP)
Talc is often used to fill polypropylene. Talc has a flake structure characteristic of thin flake configuration, so talc with finer particle size can be used as a reinforcing filler for polypropylene.
Adding a small amount of talc to polypropylene can also act as a nucleating agent, improve the crystallinity of polypropylene, thereby improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene. In addition, due to the improvement of crystallinity and the refinement of grains, the transparency of polypropylene can also be improved.
Application in polyethylene resin (PE)
Talc is a natural magnesium silicate. Its unique micro-scale structure has certain water resistance and high chemical inertness, so it has good chemical corrosion resistance and sliding properties.
Adding different proportions of talcum powder will have different effects on the physical properties of polyethylene materials, and the addition ratio is 10%-15% to achieve the best.
For polyethylene blown film, filling ultrafine talcum powder masterbatch is better than other fillers, easy to form and good processability. Moreover, this kind of film can reduce the oxygen permeability by 80%, which is particularly suitable for packaging oil-containing foods such as peanuts and broad beans, so that they will not produce oil or deteriorate for a long time. This kind of film can reduce the water vapor permeability by 70%, and has good moisture resistance, making it very suitable for underground geotextile moisture-proof cloth and also for packaging food.
Application in ABS resin
ABS resin is an amorphous polymer with excellent molding processability like polystyrene; it has good impact strength, good low temperature resistance, high tensile strength and good creep resistance.
In order to improve the existing performance of ABS, people have carried out extensive research on ABS modification. For example, automobile instrument panel blister sheets made by blending ABS and PVC, and imitation leather luggage cover leather made by blending ABS and PVC, not only have high strength and toughness, but also can maintain the durability of surface patterns.
This blended material is filled with ultrafine calcium carbonate or ultrafine talcum powder, which can significantly improve the notched impact strength and tear resistance of the blended material. For example, adding 5%-15% ultrafine talcum powder or calcium carbonate can increase the notched impact strength by 2-4 times.
Application in polystyrene resin (PS)
Unmodified general-purpose polystyrene is an amorphous polymer. It is hard and brittle, but it has good electrical properties, aging resistance and high dimensional stability. The disadvantage is high brittleness and sensitivity to environmental stress cracking.
Adding ultrafine talcum powder can improve impact toughness, adjust rheology, significantly improve flexural modulus, and also improve tensile yield strength.
Application in nylon resin (PA)
For nylon (polyamide), the industry pays special attention to the toughness and wear resistance of this plastic. Nylon is generally hard, similar to keratin, has good wear resistance and high dimensional stability. These properties can be further improved by fillers or reinforcing agents.
Application in polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC)
Filling polyvinyl chloride with ordinary powder is already very common. For example, in the manufacture of rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes, the amount of calcium carbonate filled can reach 40%, but the tensile strength and impact strength of polyvinyl chloride will be reduced. If talcum powder with an average particle size of 5 microns, i.e. 2000 mesh, is added to a volume fraction of 40%-45%, it can be found that the yield strength of the material is even higher than the original fracture strength, which has a significant strengthening effect on the polyvinyl chloride system.
Aluminum Nitride - the most fashionable substrate material
Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of electronic technology, the integration level and assembly density of electronic components have been continuously improved, and heat dissipation has become the key to affecting device performance and reliability.
The packaging substrate is used to export heat from the chip (heat source) to achieve heat exchange with the external environment to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation. Among them, ceramic materials have become a common material for power device packaging substrates due to their high thermal conductivity, good heat resistance, high insulation, high strength, and thermal matching with chip materials.
At present, the demand for aluminum nitride substrates in power semiconductor devices, hybrid integrated power circuits, antennas in the communication industry, solid relays, power LEDs, multi-chip packaging (MCM) and other fields is growing. Its terminal market is for automotive electronics, LEDs, rail transit, communication base stations, aerospace and military defense.
1. Antenna
Antenna can convert guided waves propagating on the transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in free space, or convert electromagnetic waves into guided waves. Its essence is a converter. Antennas have a wide range of uses and need to work normally in any environment. Therefore, their components need to be of high and extremely reliable quality. Ordinary circuit boards cannot meet this basic requirement of antennas. At present, the ceramic-based circuit board is the closest to the requirements of antennas in all aspects. Among them, AlN ceramic-based circuit boards have the best performance, which is mainly reflected in:
(1) Small dielectric constant, which reduces high-frequency losses and enables complete signal transmission.
(2) Metal film layer with low resistance and good adhesion. The metal layer has good conductivity and generates less heat when current passes through.
(3) Ceramic-based circuit boards have good insulation. Antennas generate high voltage during use, and ceramic substrates have a high breakdown voltage.
(4) High-density packaging is possible.
2. Multi-chip module (MCM)
Multi-chip module is a high-performance, high-reliability and miniaturized advanced microelectronic component that can meet the strict requirements of aerospace, military electronic equipment, etc. With the increase in component power and the increase in packaging density, good heat dissipation is the key technology to be considered. MCM-C type packaging substrate materials usually adopt a multilayer ceramic structure.
3. High-temperature semiconductor packaging
SiC, GaN and diamond-based wide bandgap semiconductor material devices can work at high temperatures, especially SiC has the most mature application technology; SiC can work stably at a high temperature of 600°C with its excellent physical and chemical properties, and plays an extremely important role in high-temperature electronic systems in the aerospace field.
4. Power semiconductor module
The power semiconductor module is a combination of power electronic components packaged into one according to a certain pattern and functional combination. The power semiconductor module can select appropriate components for packaging according to the required functions. The common ones are insulated gate bipolar transistors, power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors and power integrated circuits. Power semiconductor modules have very high heat dissipation requirements. Ceramic circuit boards are one of their main core components and the first contact point of heat.
5. Power LED packaging
LED is a semiconductor chip that converts electricity into light. Scientific research shows that only 20%-30% of electrical energy is effectively converted into light energy, and the rest is lost as heat. If there is no appropriate way to quickly dissipate the heat, the operating temperature of the lamp will rise sharply, resulting in a significant shortening of the life of the LED.
With the continuous upgrading of electronic information industry technology, the miniaturization and functional integration of PCB substrates have become a trend. The market's requirements for heat dissipation and high temperature resistance of heat dissipation substrates and packaging materials are constantly increasing. It is difficult for ordinary substrate materials with relatively high performance to meet market demand. The development of the aluminum nitride ceramic substrate industry has ushered in opportunities. Therefore, aluminum nitride has become the most popular packaging substrate material at present.
Organic pigments, inorganic pigments and dyes
The color of a substance depends on a colorant. Any substance that can make a substance show the color required by the design is called a colorant. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, plastic, paint, ink, photography and papermaking industries. Industrial and civil colorants are mainly divided into two categories: dyes and pigments. The traditional use of dyes is to dye textiles, and the traditional use of pigments is to color non-textiles (such as inks, paints, coatings, plastics, rubber, etc.).
Textile dyeing refers to the process of giving textiles a color with a certain fastness, by physically or chemically combining dyes with fibers, or by chemically generating colors on fibers, so that the entire textile becomes a colored object. Textile dyeing chemicals mainly include colorants and auxiliaries. Colorants can be divided into two categories according to the dyeing mechanism: dyes (mostly organic) and pigments (including organic and inorganic pigments).
Dyes are a general term for organic compounds that have a certain affinity for the dyed fibers, are soluble in water or can be converted to be soluble in water under certain conditions, and can be physically or chemically combined with fibers or substrates directly or through certain media to achieve dyeing. Dyes are the main colorants in the textile industry.
Pigments are colored substances that have no affinity for the dyed fibers, are generally insoluble in water, and must be attached to the fibers through adhesives to be colored. Before dyeing, pigments, additives, adhesives, solvents, etc. need to be prepared to obtain a colored dispersion system with a certain viscosity, commonly known as paint. Therefore, pigment dyeing is also called paint dyeing.
Disperse dyes
With the continuous expansion of application fields and the continuous advancement of printing and dyeing technology, the formulations of commercial dyes have also diversified, such as liquid, powder, granular, and disperse dye inks suitable for digital printing. There are two main methods for disperse dye digital printing: ① Digital direct printing: disperse dye ink is directly sprayed onto polyester fabrics, but like reactive dye inkjet printing, it requires necessary pretreatment and high-temperature steaming or baking after printing to develop color; ② Digital thermal transfer printing: first print the disperse dye ink onto transfer printing paper, and then perform sublimation transfer printing.
Acid dyes
Acid dyes are water-soluble dyes that contain acidic groups in their molecular structure, usually sulfonic acid groups. Some acid dyes contain carboxylic acid groups and exist in the form of sodium sulfonate or sodium carboxylate salts. They are easily soluble in water and ionize into dye anions in aqueous solution. Acid dyes can be combined with protein fibers and polyamide fibers by ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, so they are mainly used for coloring and printing wool, silk and nylon.
Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes, also known as reactive dyes, are covalently bonded to cellulose fibers or protein fibers through chemical reactions. They can be used to color cellulose fibers such as cotton, linen, and viscose fibers (made from natural cellulose such as wood, reeds, and cotton linter through chemical processing). They can also be used to color silk, wool, and soybean fibers.
pigment
Pigment coloring and printing have a wide range of adaptability to fabrics, such as protein fiber, cellulose fiber, polyester, nylon, vinylon, acrylic fiber, glass fiber, viscose fiber, polyester-cotton blend, polyester-wool blend, etc. However, pigment-printed fabrics usually have poor hand feel and relatively low wet rubbing fastness and dry cleaning fastness.
Ultrafine powder preparation and classification technology
There are many methods for preparing ultrafine powders, which are usually divided into chemical synthesis and physical crushing methods based on the principle of their preparation. The chemical synthesis method is to obtain powders through chemical reactions, from ions, atoms, etc. through nucleus formation and growth. The ultrafine powders prepared by the chemical method have the advantages of small particle size, narrow particle size distribution, good particle shape and high purity, but the disadvantages are low output, high cost and complex process; the physical crushing method is to crush the material by mechanical force.
The advantages of mechanical crushing are large output, low cost and simple process, which is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Moreover, the mechanochemical effect is produced during the crushing process, which can increase the activity of the powder. Among them, the roller press is used in combination with the ball mill, which can be applied to large-scale industrial production, and the product particle grading is good and the activity is high. The air flow mill is also widely used in some special fields due to its better product performance.
The classification of ultrafine powders is based on the different movement trajectories of particles of different particle sizes in the medium under the action of centrifugal force, gravity, inertial force, etc., so as to achieve the separation of particles of different particle sizes and enter their respective collection devices.
When using pulverizing equipment for ultrafine pulverization, the forces acting on different particles are not uniform, and often only part of the powder meets the particle size requirements. If the products that have met the requirements cannot be separated out in time, the materials will be over-crushed, and this part of the powder will also agglomerate due to the small particle size, thereby reducing the pulverization efficiency. Therefore, timely use of ultrafine classifiers to effectively classify the crushed products can avoid over-crushing of materials, improve pulverization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Ultrafine grading is generally divided into dry and wet types according to the different media used. Wet grading uses liquid as the dispersion medium, with high grading accuracy and good uniformity. However, wet grading has a series of subsequent operation problems such as drying and wastewater treatment, which limits its development. Dry classification is to classify powders by gravity field, inertial force field or centrifugal force field, mostly pneumatic classification. With the extensive application of high-speed mechanical impact and air flow pulverizers, dry classification has also been vigorously developed.
With the continuous expansion of the application field of ultrafine powders, the performance requirements of ultrafine powders in various fields are getting higher and higher, and the traditional preparation methods can no longer meet the current technical requirements. This is mainly reflected in:
1) The traditional single ultrafine powder equipment has low production capacity, high energy consumption, low resource utilization, and easy to cause pollution.
2) The uniformity and dispersibility of the prepared ultrafine powders are poor, and the agglomeration problem is serious, which reduces the product performance.
3) The equipment technology is backward, the research progress of the crushing machinery theory is slow, and there is a lack of new equipment for independent innovation.
4) The scale of the enterprise is small, the systematization and automation level of the production line is low, and the industry lacks stamina.
To this end, our company has made a lot of improvements and innovations in the existing ultrafine powder preparation technology, and has also achieved some research results.
The use of carbon black after grinding and equipment selection
In recent years, the new materials industry has developed rapidly, and carbon black, as a carbon-based new material, has also received widespread attention from the market.
The main component of carbon black is carbon, which has excellent rubber reinforcement, coloring, conductivity and ultraviolet absorption functions, and is used in a variety of industrial fields.
In addition to 40% tire oil, the product of waste tire refining also contains 30% carbon black. The crude carbon black (50-60 mesh) is ground and processed to 325 mesh.
Uses of carbon black grinding
Processed carbon black can be used as a rubber reinforcing agent for the manufacture of automobile tires. It can also be used as a pigment, such as ink, coating, conductive agent for dry batteries, catalyst carrier, and superhard alloy material. About 70% of the world's carbon black is used in tire manufacturing, 20% is used for other rubbers, and the remaining less than 10% is used in industries such as plastic additives, dyes, and printing inks.
Carbon black grinding process
The production process of carbon black is to send the previously processed carbon black to a carbon black grinding machine for grinding and collecting the powder. Depending on the fineness of the finished product, grinding machines with different finished product fineness can be selected.
The first stage: the large pieces of carbon black are transported to the raw material warehouse by a special vehicle, and then the materials are sent to the jaw crusher by a forklift/manually for crushing, and the crushing is smaller than the feed size of the mill.
The second stage: the carbon black crushed by the crusher is lifted by the elevator to the storage hopper, and the material discharged from the storage hopper is evenly fed to the main machine by the feeder.
The third stage: the qualified products in the grinding process are screened by the screening system and enter the collector through the pipeline. After collection, they are discharged through the discharge valve as finished products, and the unqualified products fall into the main machine for re-grinding.
The fourth stage: the airflow after the purification of the finished product flows into the blower through the residual air duct above the dust collector. The air path is circulated. Except for the positive pressure from the blower to the grinding chamber, the airflow in the other pipelines flows under negative pressure, and the indoor sanitary conditions are good.
ALPA Grinding equipment
1. High degree of automation, reducing labor costs.
2. The product particle size is uniform, there is less over-powdering, and the grinding efficiency is high.
3. The equipment is easy to maintain, energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and has high production efficiency.
4. It occupies a small area, has low equipment construction investment, and has high space utilization.
Diamond related applications in the semiconductor industry chain
As we all know, semiconductors are the core strategic technology of many electronic devices and systems. Innovations in semiconductor design and manufacturing are driving new disruptive technologies: 5G, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, advanced defense and security capabilities.
In the semiconductor industry chain, the processing link occupies a vital position and is an extremely important link.
Semiconductor processing
Semiconductor processing is the process from crystal rod to single chip. From the process classification, the front-end processing technology of semiconductor materials mainly includes crystal rod cutting, crystal rod rounding, crystal rod slicing, wafer grinding, wafer chamfering and edge grinding, and wafer thinning and polishing; the subsequent packaging process includes circuit production, polishing, back thinning and dicing, all of which are inseparable from the extensive use of diamond tools.
At present, the third-generation semiconductor materials represented by silicon carbide and gallium nitride have the advantages of high breakdown electric field, high thermal conductivity, high electron saturation rate, and strong radiation resistance, and are more suitable for high voltage and high frequency scenarios. At the same time, silicon carbide and gallium nitride are hard and difficult to process, while diamond materials and related products have become an indispensable part of the third-generation semiconductor processing process due to their superhard properties.
With the popularization of technologies such as 5G and the Internet of Things, the consumer electronics industry has an increasing demand for precision machining. Diamond tools and diamond powder products provide high-quality precision surface treatment solutions for metals, ceramics and brittle materials, promoting technological progress and industrial upgrading in the industry.
Other applications in semiconductor field
Diamond Chip Diamond is not only the hardest material in nature, but also has amazing thermal conductivity and high electron mobility. In high-frequency device applications, diamond chips can effectively overcome the "self-heating effect" to ensure that the equipment can still operate stably in high-temperature environments.
Diamond Heat Sink Diamond has become an ideal choice for heat dissipation of high-power devices due to its excellent thermal conductivity (up to 2000W/m·k, 5 times that of copper and silver) and excellent insulation properties. In high-power semiconductor lasers, the application of diamond heat sinks can significantly improve heat dissipation efficiency and reduce thermal resistance, thereby increasing the output power of the laser and extending its service life.
Electronic Packaging By compounding diamond particles with high thermal conductivity metal matrices such as Ag, Cu, and Al, the diamond/metal matrix composite material prepared has initially demonstrated its great potential in the field of electronic packaging. Especially at the moment when computing power demand is surging, diamond packaging substrates provide innovative solutions for the heat dissipation problem of high-performance chips, helping the rapid development of industries such as AI and data centers.
Optical Window Diamond optical window is an optical device used under extreme conditions and is often used in high-end military equipment such as missile seekers. Diamond, with its smallest thermal expansion coefficient and highest thermal conductivity, is one of the best materials for making such windows. Diamond optical window can effectively reduce temperature, ensure the stable operation of infrared detectors, and improve the guidance accuracy and reliability of missiles.
Quantum Technology In the field of quantum technology, the NV color center of diamond, as a natural quantum bit candidate, provides the possibility of realizing solid-state quantum computing and quantum information processing.
BDD electrode Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has unique advantages in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes with its extremely wide electrochemical window, extremely high oxygen evolution potential, extremely low adsorption characteristics and excellent corrosion resistance.
Although the direct application of diamond as a chip material is still far away, it has shown great potential and value in many links of the semiconductor industry chain. From semiconductor processing to diamond heat sinks and packaging, to quantum technology and BDD electrode applications, diamond is gradually penetrating into various key areas of the semiconductor industry, promoting technological innovation and industrial upgrading.