{"id":130500,"date":"2023-12-29T13:39:50","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T05:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/130500\/"},"modified":"2023-12-29T13:39:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T05:39:51","slug":"farkli-kristal-yapiya-sahip-elmaslarin-uygulamalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/130500\/","title":{"rendered":"Farkl\u0131 kristal yap\u0131ya sahip elmaslar\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal bir elmas, karbon atomlar\u0131n\u0131n yerin 150-200 kilometre derinli\u011finde do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcz milyonlarca y\u0131l boyunca y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131nca maruz kalmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi i\u00e7in zaman i\u00e7erisinde jeolojik hareketlerle yer y\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya devam etmesi gerekmektedir. \u00e7ok az oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insanlar, do\u011fal elmaslar\u0131n kristalle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme ortam\u0131n\u0131 sim\u00fcle ederek, s\u00fcper sertlik, a\u015f\u0131nma direnci ve korozyon direnci gibi m\u00fckemmel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olan ve elmaslar\u0131n sentez s\u00fcresini on g\u00fcnden fazla k\u0131saltan yapay elmaslar\u0131 sentezlemek i\u00e7in bilimsel y\u00f6ntemler kulland\u0131lar. hatta birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn. Sentetik elmaslar tek kristallere ve polikristallere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Her birinin benzersiz kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r ve bu da onlar\u0131 uygulamalarda farkl\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
1. Tek kristal elmas<\/p>\n
Tek kristal elmas, doygunluk ve y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ile kovalent ba\u011flarla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir kristaldir. En yayg\u0131n elmas kristal t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kristalin i\u00e7indeki par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu uzayda birka\u00e7 kusurla d\u00fczenli ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131l iletkenlik, sertlik, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi ve elektriksel \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc avantajlara sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Is\u0131 iletim uygulamalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Elmas\u0131n termal iletkenli\u011fi temel olarak karbon atomu titre\u015fimlerinin (yani fononlar\u0131n) yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan gelir. Elmastaki yabanc\u0131 elementler, dislokasyonlar, \u00e7atlaklar ve di\u011fer kristal kusurlar, art\u0131k metal kataliz\u00f6rler, kafes y\u00f6nelimi ve di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler fononlarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece fononlar\u0131n ortalama serbest yolunu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r ve termal iletkenli\u011fi azalt\u0131r. Tek kristal elmas, olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczenli bir kafes yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir ve bu da onu tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan neredeyse hi\u00e7 etkilenmez hale getirir. Bu nedenle 2200 W\/(m\u00b7K)’ye kadar \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Optik uygulamalar<\/p>\n
CVD y\u00f6ntemiyle haz\u0131rlanan y\u00fcksek kaliteli tek kristal elmas, neredeyse hi\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 madde i\u00e7ermeyen, tamamen renksiz ve \u015feffaf olabilir. Olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczenli kristal yap\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n kristal i\u00e7inde yay\u0131l\u0131rken yap\u0131sal d\u00fczensizliklerden etkilenmesini de \u00f6nler, b\u00f6ylece daha m\u00fckemmel optik performans sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Kesim uygulamalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Tek kristal elmas aletlerin mikrosertli\u011fi 10000HV kadar y\u00fcksektir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iyi a\u015f\u0131nma direncine sahiptir. Tek kristal elmas\u0131n kesici kenar\u0131 atomik d\u00fczeyde d\u00fczl\u00fck ve keskinlik elde edebildi\u011finden, m\u00fckemmel kesici kenar kesme s\u0131ras\u0131nda do\u011frudan i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131na kopyalanarak son derece p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir y\u00fczeye sahip bir ayna y\u00fczeyi \u00fcretilebilir ve bu da son derece y\u00fcksek boyutsal do\u011fruluk sa\u011flar. ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 kesme ve a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck alt\u0131nda tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc ve istikrarl\u0131 performans\u0131 koruyabilir. Ultra ince kesme ve ultra hassas i\u015fleme i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015flama ve parlatma<\/p>\n
Tek kristal elmas iyi bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma ve keskin k\u00f6\u015felerden daha y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131m oran\u0131na sahiptir. Bu nedenle \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 halinde haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda konsantrasyonu polikristalin elmastan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve maliyet performans\u0131 nispeten y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. \u00c7ok kristalli elmas<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok kristalli elmas\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, do\u011fal siyah elmasa (ana rengi siyah veya koyu gri olan do\u011fal \u00e7ok kristalli elmas) \u00e7ok benzeyen, doymam\u0131\u015f ba\u011flarla ba\u011flanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck nanometre boyutunda par\u00e7ac\u0131ktan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Yar\u0131 iletken alan<\/p>\n
Yar\u0131 iletken malzemeler olarak elmas polikristalin ve tek kristal malzemelerin uygulama y\u00f6nleri olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok kristalli elmas\u0131n optik ve elektriksel \u00f6zellikleri tek kristalli elmas\u0131nki kadar iyi de\u011fildir. Optik dereceli ve elektronik dereceli polikristalin elmas filmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 nispeten zahmetlidir. Haz\u0131rl\u0131k, ideal biriktirme h\u0131z\u0131 ve son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck veya kontrol edilebilir kusur yo\u011funlu\u011fu gerektirir.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015flama ve parlatma<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok kristalli elmas tanelerinin d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekmedi\u011finden, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131nca maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan mikro \u00e7atlaklar, b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcnme d\u00fczlemi k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir mikro kristal aral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilir ve iyi kendili\u011finden bilenme \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir, bu nedenle bunlara izin verilir. ta\u015flama s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclecektir. Ve cilalama s\u0131ras\u0131nda daha y\u00fcksek birim bas\u0131n\u00e7 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Kesme aletleri<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck tek kristal elmaslarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7ok kristalli elmas\u0131n d\u00fczensiz kristal yap\u0131s\u0131, ona daha fazla darbe direnci sa\u011flar ve kesme s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7atlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sentetik elmaslar tek kristallere ve polikristallere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Her birinin benzersiz kristal yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r ve bu da onlar\u0131 uygulamalarda farkl\u0131 k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":130467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[851],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endustri-haberleri-tr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130500"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130500\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}