![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Quartz-glass-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Kuvars cam\u0131 y\u00fcksek safl\u0131\u011fa, y\u00fcksek spektral ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fe, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131na ve termal \u015foka, korozyona ve derin ultraviyole radyasyona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fckemmel dirence sahiptir. Optik, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve yar\u0131 iletkenler gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kuvars cam\u0131, haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcrecine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in iki ana hammadde t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u0130lk t\u00fcr, 1800\u00b0C’yi a\u015fan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda erimi\u015f kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in elektrikle eritme ve gaz rafinasyonu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek safl\u0131kta kuvars kumudur; ikinci t\u00fcr, kimyasal reaksiyonlar yoluyla sentetik kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan silikon i\u00e7eren bile\u015fiklerdir.<\/p>\n
Elektrikle eritme y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Elektrikle eritme y\u00f6ntemi, toz halindeki kuvars hammaddesini elektrikli \u0131s\u0131tma ile potada eritmek ve ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma vitrifikasyon i\u015flemiyle kuvars cam\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Ana \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131nda diren\u00e7, ark ve orta frekansl\u0131 ind\u00fcksiyon bulunur.<\/p>\n
Gaz rafinasyon y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
End\u00fcstriyel olarak, gaz rafinasyon y\u00f6ntemi elektrikle eritme y\u00f6nteminden biraz daha sonrad\u0131r. Do\u011fal kuvars\u0131 eritmek i\u00e7in hidrojen-oksijen alevi kullan\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan yava\u015f yava\u015f kuvars cam hedef y\u00fczeyinde biriktirir. Gaz rafinasyon y\u00f6ntemi ile \u00fcretilen erimi\u015f kuvars cam\u0131 esas olarak elektrik \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131, yar\u0131 iletken end\u00fcstrisi, k\u00fcresel ksenon lambalar\u0131 vb. i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk zamanlarda, b\u00fcy\u00fck kalibreli \u015feffaf kuvars cam t\u00fcpleri ve pota, hidrojen-oksijen alevi kullan\u0131larak \u00f6zel ekipmanlarda y\u00fcksek safl\u0131kta kuvars kumu ile do\u011frudan eritilirdi. \u015eimdi, kuvars k\u00fcl\u00e7eleri haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in genellikle gaz rafinasyon y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan kuvars k\u00fcl\u00e7eleri gerekli kuvars cam \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini yapmak i\u00e7in so\u011fuk veya s\u0131cak i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n
CVD y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
CVD y\u00f6nteminin ilkesi, u\u00e7ucu s\u0131v\u0131 SiCl4’\u00fc gaz haline getirmek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131tmak ve ard\u0131ndan gaz halindeki SiCl4’\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n (O2) tahriki alt\u0131nda hidrojen ve oksijenin yanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan hidrojen-oksijen alevine girmesine izin vermek, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su buhar\u0131yla reaksiyona girerek amorf par\u00e7ac\u0131klar olu\u015fturmak, d\u00f6nen biriktirme alt tabakas\u0131na biriktirmek ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta eriterek kuvars cam\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PCVD y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
PCVD i\u015flemi ilk olarak 1960’larda Corning taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerildi. Kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak hidrojen-oksijen alevinin yerine plazma kullan\u0131r. PCVD i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lan plazma alevinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131radan alevlerden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir. \u00c7ekirdek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 15000K kadar y\u00fcksek olabilir ve ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 4000~5000K’dir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma gaz\u0131, belirli i\u015flem gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re uygun \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki ad\u0131ml\u0131 CVD y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Geleneksel CVD y\u00f6ntemine tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00f6ntem veya do\u011frudan y\u00f6ntem de denir. Reaksiyonda su buhar\u0131 yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 CVD y\u00f6ntemiyle haz\u0131rlanan kuvars cam\u0131ndaki hidroksil i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle y\u00fcksektir ve kontrol edilmesi zordur. Bu eksikli\u011fin \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in m\u00fchendisler tek ad\u0131ml\u0131 CVD y\u00f6ntemini iyile\u015ftirdiler ve dolayl\u0131 sentez y\u00f6ntemi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki ad\u0131ml\u0131 CVD y\u00f6ntemini geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n
Termal Modifikasyon<\/p>\n
Termal modifikasyon y\u00f6ntemi, \u00f6nce kuvars cam taban malzemesini \u0131s\u0131tarak yumu\u015fat\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan oluk bat\u0131rma ve \u00e7ekme gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle istenen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc elde eder. Termal modifikasyon f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda, f\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi elektromanyetik ind\u00fcksiyon \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131yla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131ndaki ind\u00fcksiyon bobininden ge\u00e7irilen alternatif ak\u0131m, uzayda alternatif bir elektromanyetik alan olu\u015fturur ve elektromanyetik alan, ak\u0131m ve \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131tma eleman\u0131na etki eder. S\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a kuvars cam taban malzemesi yumu\u015far ve bu s\u0131rada bir trakt\u00f6rle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilerek bir kuvars cam \u00e7ubuk\/t\u00fcp olu\u015fturulabilir. F\u0131r\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve \u00e7ekme h\u0131z\u0131 ayarlanarak farkl\u0131 \u00e7aplarda kuvars cam \u00e7ubuklar\/t\u00fcpler \u00e7ekilebilir. Elektromanyetik ind\u00fcksiyon \u0131s\u0131tma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bobin d\u00fczenlemesi ve f\u0131r\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, f\u0131r\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k alan\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahiptir. Ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretimde, kuvars cam \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kalitesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in f\u0131r\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcrecine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kuvars cam\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in iki ana hammadde t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":135613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[851],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endustri-haberleri-tr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135647"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135648,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135647\/revisions\/135648"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}