{"id":108498,"date":"2021-07-30T10:24:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T02:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/108498\/"},"modified":"2021-07-30T10:24:32","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T02:24:32","slug":"tai-sao-chung-ta-can-mai-sieu-min%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/108498\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong 20 n\u0103m qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh micromet. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nano c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 cao c\u1ea5p, y h\u1ecdc, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 micromet, sub-micromet v\u00e0 nano. B\u1ed9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1\u03bcm \u1edf c\u1ea5p micr\u00f4met v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 0,1-1\u03bcm \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n micr\u00f4met v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 0,001-0,1\u03bcm. B\u1ed9t \u03bcm c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nanomet. Do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. N\u00f3i chung, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 0,1-10\u03bcm v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. Xay si\u00eau m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u b\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u micromet, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nano, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u1ea5p micr\u00f4met, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p micr\u00f4met l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sau khi nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, khi thu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0n da c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3;<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong s\u01a1n, s\u01a1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 micron, ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3;<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n;<\/li>\n<li>Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n micr\u00f4met kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong 20 n\u0103m qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh micromet. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nano c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 cao c\u1ea5p, y h\u1ecdc, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":108469,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-cong-ty"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108498"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108498\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/108469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}