{"id":110250,"date":"2021-08-25T13:56:52","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T05:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/110250\/"},"modified":"2021-08-25T15:31:19","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T07:31:19","slug":"qua-trinh-bien-tinh-cao-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/110250\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh cao lanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cao lanh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ee9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 s\u00e9t chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf b\u1edfi kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t kaolinit. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t aluminosilicat ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t. Cao lanh nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u1ecbn, m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a cao lanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng l\u1edbp, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng song song v\u1edbi l\u1edbp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. Kaolin<\/a> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng v\u1ea3y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.
\nV\u00ec cao lanh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 cao, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u khi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 cao su v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cao lanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u1ed9t cao lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite g\u1ed1c polyme.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cao lanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Cao lanh<\/td>\nTh\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng\/mL\u00b7g-1<\/sup><\/td>\nDi\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\/m2<\/sup>.g-1<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh axit<\/td>\n0.30<\/td>\n111<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m<\/td>\n0.27<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cao lanh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef<\/td>\nnguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p silan<\/td>\nN\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cao lanh. N\u00f3i chung, b\u1ed9t cao lanh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p silan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i silan + d\u1ea7u silicon<\/a><\/td>\nNgo\u00e0i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i silan, th\u00eam 1-3% d\u1ea7u silicon<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng no<\/td>\nCao lanh a-x\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit oxalic, axit sebacic, axit dicarboxyl, v.v. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cho nylon 66 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation<\/td>\nC\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cao lanh th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cao lanh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a titan \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t cao lanh trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1eeda, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao lanh c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 titan \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cao lanh n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbt, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e1n kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n