{"id":110853,"date":"2021-09-02T09:11:49","date_gmt":"2021-09-02T01:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/110853\/"},"modified":"2021-09-02T09:11:49","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T01:11:49","slug":"hieu-duoc-bot-trong-cuoc-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/110853\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ed9t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n
Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef b\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
B\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn r\u1eafn, <100\u03bcm l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t (b\u1ee5i),> 100\u03bcm l\u00e0 (h\u1ea1t).<\/p>\n
B\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1eafn. B\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
Theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, h\u1ea1t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t floc. Theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t th\u00f4 (> 0,5mm), b\u1ed9t v\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn (0,074 ~ 0,5mm), b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn (10 ~ 74\u03bcm), b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn (0,1 ~ 10\u03bcm), b\u1ed9t nano (< 100nm).<\/p>\n
B\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft kh\u1eed, b\u1ed9t k\u1ebdm, b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ed9t niken v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m. B\u1ed9t phi kim lo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea5t diatomit, tourmaline, icelandit, brucit, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1, cao su t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Tinh b\u1ed9t, xenlulo, nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m canxi cacbonat, silicat, aluminat, photphat, b\u1ed9t silic.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m t\u1eeb carbon nh\u01b0 carbon \u0111en, graphene, s\u1ee3i carbon, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite, thu\u1ed1c b\u1eafc d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
M\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 th\u00eam oxit, cromat, sunfat, silicat, hydroxit, sunfua, kim lo\u1ea1i, … C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u00fat nh\u1ef1a, n\u00fat g\u1ed1m (zirconia), nh\u1ef1a c\u00fac \u00e1o, n\u00fat kim lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ed3ng), v.v. Th\u00eam canxi cacbonat, cao lanh, b\u1ed9t talc, barit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o gi\u00e0y cao su c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0y. Th\u00eam nano titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon<\/a> oxide, … c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed m\u00f9i cho \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb m\u00f2n. Th\u00eam carbon \u0111en, thi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt, \u00f4x\u00edt k\u1ebdm, \u00f4x\u00edt titan, vv c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n; Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t g\u1ed1m nano h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i xa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u1ea5m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n