{"id":111398,"date":"2021-09-18T16:42:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T08:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/111398\/"},"modified":"2021-09-18T16:42:08","modified_gmt":"2021-09-18T08:42:08","slug":"cong-nghe-che-bien-sau-cao-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/111398\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u cao lanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cao lanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kaolinit, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t s\u00e0nh”, bao g\u1ed3m: kaolinit, \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u, dickite, v\u00e0 halloysit. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kaolinit l\u00e0 AI4<\/sub>[Si4<\/sub>O10<\/sub>](OH)8<\/sub>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t silicat ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i 1: 1. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n silic-oxy \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m-oxy. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro-oxy. li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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Theo k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh cao lanh c\u1ee9ng, cao lanh m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 cao lanh c\u00e1t. Theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh cao lanh lo\u1ea1t than v\u00e0 cao lanh kh\u00f4ng than.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t gangue c\u1ee7a cao lanh bao g\u1ed3m fenspat, th\u1ea1ch anh, c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t oxit titan, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 mica. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 silic \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt, \u00f4x\u00edt nh\u00f4m, \u00f4x\u00edt s\u1eaft, \u00f4x\u00edt canxi v\u00e0 \u00f4x\u00edt magi\u00ea, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t khi b\u1eaft l\u1eeda. , Oxit kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m, anhi\u0111rit d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

M\u00e0u nung c\u1ee7a cao lanh l\u00e0 tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 95%; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 1 ~ 2, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 3 ~ 4; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fac, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t; d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1010\u03a9 \u00b7 cm-1 \u1edf 200 \u00b0 C. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a tan axit t\u1ed1t, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation (CMC) n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 0,03-0,05mmol \/ g, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ed1t, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 1750-1790 \u00b0 C.<\/p>\n

Cao lanh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 d\u1ebbo, d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 cao su.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, cao lanh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cao lanh nano \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh. Kho\u1ea3ng 45% cao lanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, kho\u1ea3ng 16% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, kho\u1ea3ng 15% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng, m\u1ed7i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 6%.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u cao lanh<\/h4>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao lanh sau khi th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam cao lanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u cao lanh bao g\u1ed3m: nung, m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n