{"id":112155,"date":"2021-10-12T11:18:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T03:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/112155\/"},"modified":"2021-10-12T11:18:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-12T03:18:18","slug":"hieu-vat-lieu-cuc-duong-cua-pin-lithium-graphite-hinh-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/112155\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a pin lithium-graphite h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
Graphite (\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n phi kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphit c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, than ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p trong than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Than ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb than ch\u00ec v\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cacbon ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t than ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m graphit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t (D50, \u03bcm), m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f2i (g \/ cm\u00b3), di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang (\u33a1 \/ g), \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (%), cacbon c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (%)<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Coulomb (%), dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1c (mAh \/ g), v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (chu k\u1ef3)<\/p>\n
Than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m cho pin lithium-ion: ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ed9ng, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch cao (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft 372mAh \/ g).<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi graphite l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch k\u00e9m v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i; hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1edbp graphit b\u1ecb bong ra do c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a graphit v\u1ea3y, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u2265350mAh \/ g), hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (\u226585%) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m cho pin lithium-ion, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t D50 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng 16 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 \u03bcm. N\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn Li+<\/sup> trong chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i r\u1eafn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u1ecf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t than ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a graphit v\u1ea3y. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng xo\u00e1y d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng graphit l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00ean r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n 1. Gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng SEI v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed dung m\u00f4i g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 bong tr\u00f3c l\u1edbp graphite;<\/p>\n 2. \u0110\u01b0a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c phi kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o than ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh “l\u00f5i-v\u1ecf” s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u than ch\u00ec l\u00e0m “l\u00f5i”, v\u00e0 “v\u1ecf” v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ef1a phenolic, nh\u1ef1a Epoxy v\u00e0 carbon n\u1ee9t. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cacbon v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi graphit, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion liti trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion liti tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a graphit, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphit.<\/p>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a pin, tuy nhi\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i graphit v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi graphit.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c phi kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 carbon v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi ch\u00e8n lithium c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c carbon. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a bo, silic v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cacbon. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c: oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphite h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh cao, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e8n lithium l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cao, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho pin lithium-ion v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin lithium-ion trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: China Powder Network<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Graphite (\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n phi kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphit c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, than ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p trong than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":112131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112155"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112155\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i graphite h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u<\/h4>\n
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