{"id":113916,"date":"2021-11-16T15:47:33","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T07:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/113916\/"},"modified":"2021-11-16T15:47:33","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T07:47:33","slug":"ung-dung-cua-diatomite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/113916\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a diatomite"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch sinh h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 opal v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 SiO2<\/sub>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>, Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>, CaO, Na2<\/sub>O, MgO, v.v.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t n\u00fai, b\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch hay b\u1ed9t kim tuy\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t tinh khi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng. Khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi oxit s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, v\u00e0ng, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111en. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t nh\u1eb9, x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang trung b\u00ecnh: 0,66g \/ cm3<\/sup>, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t: Sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf 900 \u2103 trong 2 gi\u1edd, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh v\u1ecf t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf 1200 \u2103 trong 2 gi\u1edd, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t. C\u00e1c t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1 ~ 100\u03bcm. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 SiO2 <\/sub>v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 silicat, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan trong axit flohidric, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c axit kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 y\u1ebfu. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m silyl hydroxyl, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m OH c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Diatomite gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf 122 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Argentina, Peru, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m diatomite v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Nga, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a diatomite<\/h4>\n