{"id":114351,"date":"2021-11-23T16:38:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T08:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/114351\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T16:38:56","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T08:38:56","slug":"hieu-ve-liti-cacbonat-va-cac-ung-dung-cua-no","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/114351\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 liti cacbonat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lithi cacbonat, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Li2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n t\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 2,11g \/ cm3<\/sup>, tan trong axit lo\u00e3ng, \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng tan trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 axeton.<\/p>\n

Lithi cacbonat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt l\u00fd cao c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lithium c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lithium cao c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lithium c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m lithium carbonate c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lithium hydroxit c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m lithium cao c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m lithium hydroxide c\u1ea5p pin, lithium carbonate c\u1ea5p pin, lithium carbonate c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 lithium carbonate c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a liti cacbonat<\/h4>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i liti ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kho\u1ea3ng 70% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lithium tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30% \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a USGS, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lithium \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 13,519 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n (lithium kim lo\u1ea1i); trong khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cao t\u1edbi 39,78 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 210 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n lithium cacbonat.<\/p>\n

Lithi cacbonat trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ion liti v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng liti. C\u00e1c ion liti ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Qu\u1eb7ng liti ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1eb7ng spodumene, spodumene v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng lepidolite. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng liti trong v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 0,0065%, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef lithium to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

N\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean lithium chi\u1ebfm 33,02% \u1edf Chile, 18,57% \u1edf Bolivia, 13,42% \u1edf Argentina, 11,23% \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 10,52% \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n lithium to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf lithium ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do Chile v\u00e0 Australia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea1t 26.300 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, chi\u1ebfm 75,14% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\"\"S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ecf lithium c\u1ee7a Chile (lithium nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng liti c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 liti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n lithium c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u00dac. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ecf lithium c\u1ee7a \u00dac trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua nh\u01b0 sau (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: t\u1ea5n):<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do C\u01a1 quan Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2015, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean lithium \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 13% t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 85% t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u1eb7ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 15%. Ngu\u1ed3n liti c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1edf Thanh H\u1ea3i. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, Giang T\u00e2y, H\u1ed3 Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Thanh H\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i, trong khi T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean, Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Nam thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 granit pegmatit ho\u1eb7c granit kho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf liti cacbonat ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng liti v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c liti t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m rang \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p axit sunfuric v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sunfat. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i trong h\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 b\u1ed9t, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i nung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a bay h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lithium Carbonate<\/h4>\n