{"id":115853,"date":"2022-01-06T15:48:47","date_gmt":"2022-01-06T07:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/115853\/"},"modified":"2022-01-06T15:48:47","modified_gmt":"2022-01-06T07:48:47","slug":"cac-ung-dung-chinh-cua-than-chi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/115853\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda: Graphit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec. Trong luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p, graphit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ecfi th\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1edbp l\u00f3t cho c\u00e1c l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/p>\n

2) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed5i qu\u00e9t, thanh cacbon, \u1ed1ng cacbon, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m graphit, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cho \u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh tivi, v.v.<\/p>\n

3) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n: Graphit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. D\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, trong khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n graphit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000 \u2103 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphit \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ed1c piston, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng graphit c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i (k\u00e9o d\u00e2y, k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n

4) Graphit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t. Graphit \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00edt th\u1ea5m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng, th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1t, th\u00e1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, b\u1ed9 s\u01b0\u1edfi, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u01a1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, luy\u1ec7n kim th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit-baz\u01a1, s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac, \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1t, khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: do h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n th\u1ee7y tinh. Sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than ch\u00ec, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m cao. , C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphit \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 cho khu\u00f4n n\u00e9n v\u00e0 nung k\u1ebft. Ch\u00e9n nung t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tinh th\u1ec3 silicon<\/a> \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3, b\u00ecnh tinh luy\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, than ch\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec, \u1ed1ng l\u00f2 nung ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, thanh, t\u1ea5m, nh\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

6) D\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: Graphit c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u01a1tron t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng uranium-graphite l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Graphit ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean. V\u00ec than ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c PPM, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng boron ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,5 PPM. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, than ch\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00f2i phun nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn, n\u00f3n m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u1eeda, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

7) Graphit c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t than ch\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (kho\u1ea3ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 graphite tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

8) Graphit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u00ec b\u00fat ch\u00ec, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. Sau khi graphite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m graphit d\u1ebbo. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec d\u1ebbo gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a van n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecbt k\u00edn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2) Graphit c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cho th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00fat ch\u00ec, m\u1ef1c, s\u01a1n \u0111en, m\u1ef1c in, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng 1) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda: Graphit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec. Trong luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p, graphit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ecfi th\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1edbp l\u00f3t cho c\u00e1c l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":112131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[830],"tags":[1943],"class_list":["post-115853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-cac-ung-dung-cua-than-chi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}