{"id":118979,"date":"2022-09-21T14:32:11","date_gmt":"2022-09-21T06:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/118979\/"},"modified":"2022-09-21T14:32:11","modified_gmt":"2022-09-21T06:32:11","slug":"bon-cong-nghe-sua-doi-chinh-cua-hydrotalcite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/118979\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hydrotalcite"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hydrotalcite (Hydroxit k\u00e9p ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, LDHs) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mang v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c anion xen k\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a LDH l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng thu\u1ed1c, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec LDH l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi polyme k\u00e9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nano c\u1ee7a LDH kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anion gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp LDHs l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c LDH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, LDHs c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho LDH, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p rang thu h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p LDH. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c cation kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 2 v\u00e0 3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y nhanh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi dung d\u1ecbch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecdc, r\u1eeda v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c LDHs r\u1eafn. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nitrat, clorua, sunfat v\u00e0 cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb natri hydroxit, kali hydroxit v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc amoniac. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i LDH kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c anion v\u00e0 cation kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c LDH c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0129nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c LDH.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c anion xen k\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c LDH hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anion kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t LDH kh\u00e1ch m\u1edbi. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i anion gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c anion kh\u00e1ch, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, pH v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i rang<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i rang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c LDH l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf 500\u2013800 \u00b0 C, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CO32\u2212, NO3\u2212 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed anion h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 thu g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d4x\u00edt k\u00e9p ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp (LDO). Sau \u0111\u00f3, theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a LDO, n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c anion \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh LDH trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung thu h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hydrotalcit anion mong mu\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi anion h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng axit v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi pH r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a hydrotalcite. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng anion trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hydrotalcite (Hydroxit k\u00e9p ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, LDHs) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mang v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, c\u00e1c anion xen k\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":118954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118979"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118979\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}