{"id":119323,"date":"2022-10-17T13:43:33","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T05:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/119323\/"},"modified":"2022-10-17T13:43:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T05:43:33","slug":"cong-nghe-bao-che-vat-lieu-polyme-composite-huu-co-khoang-set-diet-khuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/119323\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme composite h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n (nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i, oxit kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1), v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau (bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, v.v.). T\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 montmorillonite<\/a>, kaolinit, halloysit v\u00e0 vermiculit. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t-v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n s\u1ee3i nano, mi\u1ebfng b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng. vv, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano, v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano.<\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t anion v\u00e0 cation (mu\u1ed1i amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t lai l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t), b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t (thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t) ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp xen gi\u1eefa (t\u0103ng l\u1edbp xen k\u1ebd). v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n polymer h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyamide, polyolefin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 xenluloza, tinh b\u1ed9t, nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u00f4, axit polylactic, … \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd do t\u00ednh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 polyme, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n polyme v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n composite b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi quy m\u00f4 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u pha. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, ba lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite \u0111an xen, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite t\u1ea9y s\u00e9t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite keo t\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano xen k\u1ebd, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polyme th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong ma tr\u1eadn polyme li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong ma tr\u1eadn polyme. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p nano keo t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ckeo t\u1ee5\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh hydroxyl h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t, mi\u1ec1n xen gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 polyme v\u00e0 pha kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano montmorillonite<\/a>-chitosan n\u1ea1p Cu. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p composite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t montmorillonite<\/a> v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Escherichia coli cao t\u1edbi 99,98%, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Staphylococcus aureus \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau (bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, v.v.).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":119299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[830],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119323"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119323\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}