{"id":119639,"date":"2022-11-10T12:28:09","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T04:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/119639\/"},"modified":"2022-11-10T12:28:09","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T04:28:09","slug":"phuong-phap-dieu-che-vaterit-canxi-cacbonat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/119639\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf vaterit canxi cacbonat"},"content":{"rendered":"

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C\u00f3 ba d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat: aragonit, vaterit v\u00e0 canxit. D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng, lo\u1ea1i canxit l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; trong khi lo\u1ea1i vaterite l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i di c\u0103n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u01a1 quan Otolith, nang ascidian, m\u00f4 gi\u00e1p x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra canxi cacbonat vaterit, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp pha r\u1eafn-r\u1eafn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 canxi cacbonat v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 pha ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong dung d\u1ecbch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i canxit x\u1ea3y ra. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i canxit.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p metathesis v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

1. Cacbon h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i canxi h\u00f2a tan l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n canxi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ngu\u1ed3n canxi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc canxi hydroxit v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m canxi clorua. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a: h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Ca (OH) 2-H2O-CO2 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng CaCl2-NH3 \u00b7 H2O -CO2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t vaterite canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cacbon h\u00f3a c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m canxi cacbonat trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00ed CO2 trong dung d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00ed, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit. Do \u0111\u00f3, axit cacbonic lo\u1ea1i vaterit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cacbon h\u00f3a. Canxi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i canxi v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch cacbonat trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y k\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb vaterit canxi cacbonat. N\u00f3i chung, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch kia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5y. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng metathesis.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf canxi cacbonat vaterit, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf vaterit canxi cacbonat b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t canxi bicacbonat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf canxi cacbonat lo\u1ea1i vaterit \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a canxi bicacbonat.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m vaterit canxi cacbonat th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra canxi cacbonat vaterit, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp pha r\u1eafn-r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":119614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119639"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119639\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}