{"id":121985,"date":"2022-11-30T15:35:35","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T07:35:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/121985\/"},"modified":"2022-11-30T15:35:35","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T07:35:35","slug":"tinh-chat-xuc-tac-va-chat-mang-cua-khoang-phi-kim-loai-va-tiet-kiem-nang-luong-va-giam-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/121985\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t mang c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng phi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m carbon"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) phi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t mang, nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation, \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v.v. v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m carbon.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, cao lanh, zeolit, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, v.v. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t mang; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. , CO2 th\u00e0nh hydro, metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

X\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 axit-baz\u01a1 cao, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kaolin<\/a>, bentonite, diatomite, zeolite, attapulgite, sepiolite, v.v. v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cao lanh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh axit, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, zeolit \u200b\u200b4A ho\u1eb7c 5A, v.v.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00ed cacbonic. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro b\u1eb1ng quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh hydro v\u00e0 oxy; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, carbon dioxide c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 metan v\u00e0 metanol; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon dioxide, c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Anatase, rutile, birnessite, hematite, goethite, v.v. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi montmorillonite, diatomite, kaolinite, b\u1ed9t mica, \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 Perlite tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh, l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 x\u1ed1p, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00e1ng axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m, v.v., v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rutile l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m azo v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang nano nh\u01b0 anatase TiO2, C3N4, perovskite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o montmorillonite, diatomite, b\u1ed9t mica, v.v., kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang composite trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

“M\u00e0ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t” ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Gi\u00e0u birnessite, hematite, goethite, anatase, rutile v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kho\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra oxy v\u00e0 hydro b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i carbon dioxide trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cacbonat.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m carbon m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kho\u00e1ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c quang m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

X\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":121948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121985\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/121948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}