{"id":124551,"date":"2022-12-09T11:22:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T03:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/124551\/"},"modified":"2022-12-09T11:22:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T03:22:29","slug":"qua-trinh-loc-khong-chua-flo-va-axit-nitric-de-loai-bo-tap-chat-khoi-cat-thach-anh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/124551\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a flo v\u00e0 axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea9y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ea1ch anh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 axit flohydric, axit nitric, axit clohydric, axit sunfuric, axit axetic v\u00e0 axit oxalic. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc axit, do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 c\u01a1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t cao. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 20-30% v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit cao s\u1ebd \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc. R\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Axit y\u1ebfu h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 axit oxalic ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ecdc. Axit axetic c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecdc axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau SiO2<\/a>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam axit oxalic v\u00e0 axit axetic, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, axit oxalic c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Fe, Al v\u00e0 Mg cao h\u01a1n, trong khi axit axetic hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t Ca, K v\u00e0 Na.<\/p>\n

Sau khi nung qu\u1eb7ng silic th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, axit oxalic, axit axetic v\u00e0 axit sunfuric, d\u1ec5 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u1ea3i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ec9 r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

(1) T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 514,82ppm, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Al, Fe, Ca, Na v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mica, nepheline v\u00e0 oxit s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

(2) Khi nung qu\u1eb7ng silic th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf 900\u00b0C trong 5 gi\u1edd, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t. So v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u01b0a nung, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh nung trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do khi nung \u1edf 573\u00b0C, th\u1ea1ch anh s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng \u03b1 sang m\u1ea1ng \u03b2, v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn th\u1ea1ch anh s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 4,5% v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ma tr\u1eadn th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t sau khi nung v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh. , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc axit.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng axit v\u1edbi axit oxalic 0,6mol\/L, axit axetic 08mol\/L v\u00e0 axit sunfuric 0,6mol\/L \u1edf 80\u00b0C, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1eafn-l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 1:5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ea5y 300r\/min. Th\u1eddi gian 4h l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Al, Fe, Ca v\u00e0 Na t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 68,18%, 85,44%, 52,62% v\u00e0 47,80%.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea9y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ea1ch anh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 axit flohydric, axit nitric, axit clohydric, axit sunfuric, axit axetic v\u00e0 axit oxalic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":124514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124551\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/124514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}