{"id":125457,"date":"2023-01-29T16:06:26","date_gmt":"2023-01-29T08:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/125457\/"},"modified":"2023-01-29T16:06:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-29T08:06:26","slug":"nhung-thay-doi-vat-ly-va-hoa-hoc-cua-bot-quang-phi-kim-loai-sau-khi-nghien-sieu-min-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/125457\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t qu\u1eb7ng phi kim lo\u1ea1i sau khi nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, do th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n d\u00e0i, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c micromet ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u00f3a n\u00eau tr\u00ean s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nghi\u1ec1n, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
1. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, do l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft tinh, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 tia X, quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sai.<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a<\/p>\n
Do k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 h\u00f2a tan, thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hydrat h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau sau khi m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n
(1) \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan<\/p>\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh, canxit, cassiterit, corundum, bauxite, cromit, magnetit, galen, titanit, tro n\u00fai l\u1eeda, cao lanh, v.v. trong axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 sau khi nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
(2) Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thi\u00eau k\u1ebft<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u do m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn:<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi dolomite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n rung, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m 375-573K v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha tinh th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh alpha th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh beta v\u00e0 cristobalit v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a canxit th\u00e0nh aragonit \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0i si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n
(3) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t silicat, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t nh\u01b0 bentonit v\u00e0 cao lanh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation sau khi nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Sau khi nghi\u1ec1n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cao lanh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cation trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i bentonit, cao lanh v\u00e0 zeolit, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 mica c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau sau khi nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n
(4) Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hydrat h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u canxi hydroxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 hydrat h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
(5) \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
M\u00e0i m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n biotit, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf zeta b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (\u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf Zeta) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
(6) M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n
Zeolit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m clinoptilolite, mordenite v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh) v\u00e0 zeolit t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 mordenite) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i zeolit thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
(7) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 hydrogel<\/p>\n
Nghi\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nghi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m khi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":125416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}