<\/p>\n

Cao lanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cao lanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 cao lanh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7, cao su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh cao lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nung, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i axit-baz\u01a1, x\u1eed l\u00fd tinh ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

1. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nung<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nung l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cao lanh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cao lanh d\u00f2ng than, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao lanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nung c\u1ee7a cao lanh. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nung, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nung v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh nung.<\/p>\n

Cao lanh nung s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong cao lanh s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch ra. Khi nung \u0111\u1ebfn 500-900\u00b0C, cao lanh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u1eed hydroxyl h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Cao lanh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nung \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 metakaolin. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 1000\u00b0C, kaolinite tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac spinel nh\u00f4m-silicat; khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 1100\u00b0C, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mullite x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

2. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit-baz\u01a1<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i axit-baz\u01a1 c\u1ee7a cao lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t. Cao lanh g\u1ed1c than nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng axit clohydric v\u00e0 natri hydroxit, v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Do cao lanh nung t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n Al v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng axit, sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit clohydric Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Al trong cao lanh l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh; s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a natri hi\u0111roxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f4i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Si trong cao lanh nung, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p nh\u1ecf, do m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n SiO2 trong cao lanh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh SiO2 t\u1ef1 do d\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t oxit kim lo\u1ea1i trong cao lanh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng axit c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p c\u1ee7a cao lanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd ki\u1ec1m, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh d\u00f2ng than nung tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd\/t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cao lanh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a cao lanh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a cao lanh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n silic-oxy v\u00e0 b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m-oxy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chen v\u00e0o l\u1edbp kaolin<\/a>. , ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 formamid, kali axetat, dimethyl sulfoxide v\u00e0 ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

4. X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u1ecdt v\u1ecf<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cao lanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, cao lanh b\u00f3c v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh cao lanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen k\u1ebd, x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau v\u00e0 song song v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y, gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n, tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n, S\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh m\u1edd sau khi in.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc cao lanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4, nghi\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt, \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cao lanh trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 sinh l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y rung. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nung, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i axit-baz\u01a1, x\u1eed l\u00fd tinh ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y da ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":125621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125661"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125661\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/125621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}