{"id":127451,"date":"2023-06-09T11:29:21","date_gmt":"2023-06-09T03:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/127451\/"},"modified":"2023-06-09T11:29:21","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T03:29:21","slug":"cong-nghe-phu-be-mat-bot-sieu-min","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/127451\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t micron ho\u1eb7c nanomet) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c kh\u00f3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. , t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, si\u00eau m\u1ecbn k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 B\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 pha r\u1eafn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 pha l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 pha kh\u00ed; theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1ecf, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1; C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v.v.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 pha r\u1eafn<\/p>\n

1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng pha r\u1eafn<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n k\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn khi nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7 si\u00eau m\u1ecbn micro\/nano.<\/p>\n

3) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n corona v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 plasma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

4) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ecdc polyme<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft giao thoa trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch neo gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc.
\n5) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i vi nang<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi nang l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 micron ho\u1eb7c quy m\u00f4 nano l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 pha l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00f5i-v\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

1) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel<\/p>\n

3) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ion kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

4) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

5) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1 trong \u0111\u00f3 dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed t\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t .<\/p>\n

6) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

7) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p keo t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u01a1i<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 pha kh\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c van der Waals \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i v\u00e0 v\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh; lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t composite si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, \u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t composite.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":127413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127451"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127451\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}