{"id":127582,"date":"2023-06-30T15:51:35","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/127582\/"},"modified":"2023-06-30T15:51:36","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:51:36","slug":"chuan-bi-oxit-dat-hiem-sieu-min","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/127582\/","title":{"rendered":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm si\u00eau m\u1ecbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t quang, m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a amoni bicacbonat v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a oxalate l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ammonium bicarbonate l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ebfm. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a amoni bicacbonat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ce3+, khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,2~0,5mol\/L. B\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn xeri oxit nung, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t; khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nhanh, h\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cacbonat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea3i, xeri oxit cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eabn b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn; khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxit xeri si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a amoni bicacbonat c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a xeri oxit. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoni bicacbonat nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1mol\/L, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a xeri oxit thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoni bicacbonat l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1mol\/L, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t xeri oxit thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a oxalate \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a oxit \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 3-10 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":127547,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127582"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127582\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}