{"id":127752,"date":"2023-07-19T16:35:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T08:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/127752\/"},"modified":"2023-07-19T16:35:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T08:35:51","slug":"14-phuong-phap-xu-ly-lop-phu-be-mat-bot-sieu-min","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/127752\/","title":{"rendered":"14 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t micron ho\u1eb7c nanomet. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang, nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb, x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eaft, ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng pha r\u1eafn. Tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, sau \u0111\u00f3 nung v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7 si\u00eau m\u1ecbn th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (ho\u1eb7c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t tan v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3); sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi sol, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong sol, sol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh gel sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i , do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ion bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p keo t\u1ee5 d\u1ecb th\u1ec3 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p keo t\u1ee5 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d). M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

7. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 vi nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00f5i vi n\u01b0\u1edbc do vi nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng W\/O (n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u1ea7u) cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p vi nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

8. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh LAMER, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tr\u00ean ma tr\u1eadn h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n

10. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau b\u00e3o h\u00f2a cao, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan r\u1eafn k\u1ebft tinh ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch si\u00eau t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

11. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

12. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t nano b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, tia \u03b3, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n corona, plasma, v.v., \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t nano d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

13. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n phun. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 phun dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u1ecbn th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":127715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127752\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}