{"id":129583,"date":"2023-10-25T15:41:04","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T07:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/129583\/"},"modified":"2023-10-25T15:41:05","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T07:41:05","slug":"vat-lieu-chong-chay-vo-co-magie-hydroxide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/129583\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00f4 c\u01a1 – Magi\u00ea Hydroxide"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y magi\u00ea hydroxit c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y cao (340 \u00b0 C ~ 450 \u00b0 C), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 MgO v\u00e0 H2O. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3i ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y magi\u00ea hydroxit \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Magi\u00ea hydroxit c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thixotropy tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00f3i cho nh\u1ef1a. Magi\u00ea hydroxit b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh magie oxit v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u1edf 340\u00b0C. Khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 490\u00b0C. N\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(1) Magi\u00ea hydroxit c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t dung l\u1edbn, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

(2) M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra do ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1t, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

(3) \u00d4x\u00edt magi\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a magi\u00ea hydroxit l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp cacbon h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(4) Magi\u00ea hydroxit ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i CO th\u00e0nh CO2 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y; oxit magie sinh ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a SO2, CO2 v\u00e0 NO2 sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y magi\u00ea hydroxit<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 brucite) \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c magie hydroxit trong ph\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf magie hydroxit v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, magie hydroxit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 nghi\u1ec1n (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n. ) \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c magie hydroxit ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf magie hydroxit b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1eafn v\u00e0 hydroxit kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nung, v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng pha r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m magie hydroxit. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1eafc k\u00fd h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf magie hydroxit l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed amoniac l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00ed amoniac v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Mg2+ \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf magie hydroxit. Magi\u00ea hydroxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed amoniac, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y magi\u00ea hydroxit th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed, do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoniac \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00ed amoniac v\u00e0o v\u00e0 hydro thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00f9n oxit magi\u00ea cao, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n amoniac v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf magie hydroxit b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1i magie l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ee9a ion hydroxit (OH-) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a magie hydroxit, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m . C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng ph\u00ed k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Magi\u00ea hydroxit c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thixotropy tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00f3i cho nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":129529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-129583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-cong-ty"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129583\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}