{"id":129831,"date":"2023-11-08T11:05:48","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T03:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/129831\/"},"modified":"2023-11-08T11:05:49","modified_gmt":"2023-11-08T03:05:49","slug":"5-loai-phuong-phap-bien-doi-be-mat-chinh-cua-silica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/129831\/","title":{"rendered":"5 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a silica"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silica c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a silica<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m hydroxyl, gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a silica<\/a>. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft silica<\/a> c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a silica<\/a> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gh\u00e9p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, v.v. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

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1. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gh\u00e9p m\u00e0u \u0111en carbon tr\u1eafng<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gh\u00e9p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polyme cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi polyme n\u1ec1n (nh\u01b0 cao su) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t silica<\/a> th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn. V\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh silica<\/a>. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c polyme c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c polyme c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

2. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silica<\/a><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t gh\u00e9p l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a silica<\/a> \u0111en, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a silica \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ma tr\u1eadn. v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cao, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion \u0111en silic<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cation h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 anion h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 100\u00b0C. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ion thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh pha h\u1eefu c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i silica<\/a>. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh pha h\u1eefu c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, pha l\u1ecfng ion l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xanh, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon \u0111en tr\u1eafng<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polyme cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ef1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t silica<\/a>, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m epoxy ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t silica<\/a> v\u00e0 ma tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

5. Carbon \u0111en tr\u1eafng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa silica<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao su. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ma tr\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, mu\u1ed9i than v\u00e0 silic \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t trong ng\u00e0nh cao su. Than \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh cao su. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed9i than c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n x\u00e9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao su v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1, mu\u1ed9i than tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao su, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed9i than. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed9i than v\u00e0 silica<\/a> l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao su.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Than \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh cao su.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":129793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-129831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}