{"id":130502,"date":"2023-12-29T13:40:39","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T05:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/130502\/"},"modified":"2023-12-29T13:40:40","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T05:40:40","slug":"ung-dung-cua-kim-cuong-voi-cac-cau-truc-tinh-the-khac-nhau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/130502\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 150-200 km d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian. , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t khan hi\u1ebfm. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
1. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1edfi li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u, \u00edt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. , kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phonon). C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c trong kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi phonon. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ef1 do trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a phonon v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 cao, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2200 W\/(m\u00b7K).<\/p>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CVD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi truy\u1ec1n trong tinh th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1eaft<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 10000HV n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean ph\u00f4i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c cao. , v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi c\u1eaft t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft si\u00eau m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
M\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/p>\n
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nghi\u1ec1n, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nanomet li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m \u0111en l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1eaft khe. Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
M\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng<\/p>\n
Do c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c vi tinh th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i t\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft<\/p>\n
So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1edbn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":130467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130502\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/130467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}