{"id":131020,"date":"2024-02-26T10:02:52","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T02:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/131020\/"},"modified":"2024-02-26T10:02:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T02:02:53","slug":"tien-do-ung-dung-may-nghien-bi-trong-linh-vuc-vat-lieu-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/131020\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9t, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u1ee3p kim c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. .<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nghi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 100. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n \u01b0\u1edbt. V\u00e0 m\u00e0i kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

(1) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u pin lithium<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u SiOx \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho pin lithium-ion, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a SiOx c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 1487mAh\/cc, cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi than ch\u00ec; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Coulomb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n SiO ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u00ean t\u1edbi 66,8%; v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Sau 50 chu k\u1ef3 \u1edf m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 200mA\/g, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 1300mAh\/g. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y SiOx \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a trung gian, gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. V\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a TiO2 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Qi Dongli et al. s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed9t TiO2 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n bi \u0111\u1ebfn vi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3, ph\u1ed5 Raman, ph\u1ed5 hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu TiO2 sau khi nghi\u1ec1n bi cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec1n bi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu bi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong 4 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t, cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang x\u00fac t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9t b\u1ea1c bong tr\u00f3c s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi, th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n bi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u1ec1n bi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t b\u1ea1c bong tr\u00f3c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec1n bi \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9t b\u1ea1c v\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u1ea3y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea1c s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(5) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Perovskite<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t nano perovskite k\u00e9p Cs2AgBiBr6 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Khi th\u1eddi gian nghi\u1ec1n bi t\u0103ng l\u00ean, b\u1ed9t nano Cs2AgBiBr6 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn pha tinh khi\u1ebft, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 100nm v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh que sang h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

(6) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, cao lanh, ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n bi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00ec, asen trong pha n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t, t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh b\u1ed9t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ion r\u1eafn khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0 N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang, \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":109951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}