{"id":131298,"date":"2024-03-15T13:14:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T05:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/131298\/"},"modified":"2024-03-15T13:14:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T05:14:28","slug":"12-phuong-phap-bien-tinh-bentonite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/131298\/","title":{"rendered":"12 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh Bentonite"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i bentonite th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

1. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i natri<\/p>\n

V\u00ec montmorillonite c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 Ca2+ m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n Na+ n\u00ean bentonite<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c canxi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Ca2+ trong \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c canxi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Na+. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n canxi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c natri h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

2. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lithium<\/p>\n

Lithium bentonite<\/a> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1edf, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 xeton th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, s\u01a1n latex, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 cellulose h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean bentonit lithium t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf lithium bentonite<\/a>.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc axit<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i axit ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m bentonite<\/a>. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, dung d\u1ecbch axit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c cation kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng H+ v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c van der Waals gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u0103ng l\u00ean; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t rang<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh rang bentonite<\/a> l\u00e0 nung bentonite \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi bentonite<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

5. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00f3a bentonite<\/a>, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp bentonite \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion, li\u00ean k\u1ebft gh\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c van der. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Waal. Bentonit.<\/p>\n

6. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed9t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp bentonite<\/a>, t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7 hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u0103n bentonite<\/a> b\u1ecb x\u1eb9p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

7. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 c\u01a1\/h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 c\u01a1\/h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation c\u1ee7a bentonite<\/a>. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c polyme v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n xen k\u1ebd, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a bentonite<\/a>. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

8. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i vi s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 300Hz \u0111\u1ebfn 300GHz \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd bentonite<\/a> v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u00f3. X\u1eed l\u00fd vi s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh, gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p axit h\u00f3a v\u00e0 rang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

9. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/p>\n

Bentonite<\/a> bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i si\u00eau \u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Si\u00eau \u00e2m ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n; si\u00eau \u00e2m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean k\u1ebft Si-O-Si tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m tinh th\u1ec3 trong bentonite<\/a>, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ion kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o bentonite.<\/p>\n

10. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e2m bentonite<\/a> v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i (NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2, Cu(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, v.v.). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bentonite<\/a> bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

11. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i doping kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i lanthanum v\u00e0 oxit c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Sau khi pha t\u1ea1p bentonite<\/a> v\u1edbi lanthanum kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxit v\u00e0 hydroxit kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu montmorillonite trong bentonite. n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

12. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ea1p kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Bentonite<\/a> bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u1ea1p kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bentonite l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sol-gel, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t mang, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t mang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i bentonite th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":131261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131298"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131298\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}