{"id":131622,"date":"2024-04-12T10:34:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T02:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/131622\/"},"modified":"2024-04-12T10:34:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T02:34:05","slug":"nam-loai-phuong-phap-bien-tinh-pho-bien-doi-voi-dat-set-cao-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/131622\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t cao lanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao lanh, bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00e2u quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cao lanh (bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u00f4m, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c silanol, v.v.) v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cao lanh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. , \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

1. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 -OH kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao lanh th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cao lanh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, cao su, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 s\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

2. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit-baz\u01a1<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung cao lanh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Al trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn Al trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng axit. Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung cao lanh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Si s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha. SiO2<\/a> trong cao lanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 silicon ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a trong cao lanh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Sau khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i axit-baz\u01a1, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao lanh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh axit-baz\u01a1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u00edn kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t cao lanh th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cao lanh. \u0110\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cao lanh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silane, silicone (d\u1ea7u) ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a silicone, ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silane l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cao lanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3i chung, b\u1ed9t cao lanh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silan \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e1y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c theo \u0111\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n

Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, cao lanh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u01b0a m\u1ee1 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong n\u1ec1n polyme, \u00edt b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi polyme. Cao lanh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a, cao su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c polyme kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cao su.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd<\/p>\n

Do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean cao lanh c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n silicon<\/a>-oxy v\u00e0 l\u1edbp hydroxyl b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m-oxy n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c cao. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao lanh nh\u01b0 DMSO, formamide (FA), kali axetat, hydrazine, v.v. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n xen k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao lanh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i sau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1edbp cao lanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1n theo ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i xen k\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao lanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cao lanh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano. Sau khi xen, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao lanh t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Sau khi xen v\u00e0 bong tr\u00f3c, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t cao lanh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao lanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen k\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f3c ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite.<\/p>\n

5. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u00f3a<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y, va \u0111\u1eadp, m\u00e0i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh, v.v. ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ea1t b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t cao lanh th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cao lanh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":131585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131622\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}