{"id":131841,"date":"2024-04-26T15:24:55","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T07:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/131841\/"},"modified":"2024-04-26T15:24:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T07:24:56","slug":"vat-lieu-quan-ly-nhiet-moi-tiep-tuc-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/131841\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Theo c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t than ch\u00ec, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i, v.v.) v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (nh\u01b0 m\u1ee1 silicon<\/a> d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, gel d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, v.v.) .).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng; T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silicon<\/a> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u than ch\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 5G v\u00e0 pin \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

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M\u00e0ng than ch\u00ec d\u00e0y<\/p>\n

M\u00e0ng than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean than ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Than ch\u00ec v\u1ea3y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0ng than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1n gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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Graphene<\/p>\n

Graphene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “chi\u1ebfn binh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c”, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t. Graphene \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao t\u1edbi 5300W\/m\u00b7K, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0ng graphene. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng graphene c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

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\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t si\u00eau m\u1ecfng<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha b\u00ean trong. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i hai pha l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 h\u01a1i trong khoang \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed7ng. \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, v.v., v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t nhanh. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

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Bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i si\u00eau m\u1ecfng<\/p>\n

Bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha b\u00ean trong. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ng\u00e2m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m hai chi\u1ec1u. Th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, bay h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00f3a r\u1eafn, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m t\u1eeb than ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n

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V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng polyme l\u1ecfng. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 oxit kim lo\u1ea1i, nitrua, cacbua, v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n pha<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u pha d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 5G v\u00e0 pin \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131841"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131841\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}