{"id":133096,"date":"2024-07-24T10:35:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-24T02:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/133096\/"},"modified":"2024-07-24T10:35:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T02:35:26","slug":"23-linh-vuc-ung-dung-cua-cao-lanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/133096\/","title":{"rendered":"23 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a cao lanh"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n
(1) Ng\u00e0nh g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9
\nNg\u00e0nh g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao lanh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao lanh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n chung l\u00e0 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 30% c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cao lanh trong g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra Al2O3, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n thi\u00eau k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
(2) Cao su
\n\u0110\u1ed5 cao lanh v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p keo cao su c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cao su, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u bi\u1ebfn, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a cao su, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0a l\u01b0u h\u00f3a , v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm, s\u1eadp, ch\u1ea3y x\u1ec7, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, \u1ed1ng ph\u1eb3ng, v.v.<\/p>\n
(3) B\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u01a1n
\nCao lanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cho s\u01a1n, vecni t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
(4) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda
\nCao lanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n
(5) Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c
\nCao lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c sau khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i axit ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m l\u00e0m ma tr\u1eadn x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u1ee9a s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lo\u1ea1i Y th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ebft tinh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n
(6) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1p
\nVi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
(7) L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n
\nCao lanh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
(8) X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng
\nCao lanh c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp hai chi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u1edbn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
(9) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p
\nCao lanh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
(10) X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t (11) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (12) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (13) S\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (14) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xen h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kaolinit <\/p>\n (15) V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano <\/p>\n (16) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh <\/p>\n
\nHi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 silica<\/a>-alumina \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb bentonite, cao lanh \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, v.v.<\/p>\n
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n xen k\u1ebd, cao lanh g\u1ed1c than \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xen k\u1ebd n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 cao lanh xen k\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao lanh v\u00e0 natri stearate l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha cao lanh\/natri stearate m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
\nCao lanh c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00f4m-silic cao n\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xen k\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c polyme ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite xen k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n
\nDo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 che ch\u1eafn tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c; b\u1ed5 sung nanoclay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng; th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nano v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m l\u00ean 50 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n
\nCao lanh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, cung c\u1ea5p Al2O3 v\u00e0 SiO2 cho s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh.<\/p>\n