{"id":134349,"date":"2024-09-23T09:56:02","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T01:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/134349\/"},"modified":"2024-09-23T09:56:03","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T01:56:03","slug":"ung-dung-va-chuyen-pha-cua-cac-loai-alumina-tinh-the-khac-nhau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/134349\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n pha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i alumina tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khai kho\u00e1ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u00f4m oxit (c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Al2O3), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bauxit, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m oxit: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo d\u1ea1ng x\u1ebfp l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo d\u1ea1ng x\u1ebfp kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

(1) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u03b1-Al2O3<\/p>\n

\u03b1-Al2O3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 corundum. \u03b1-Al2O3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 alumina ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd d\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u03b1-Al2O3, c\u00e1c ion oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ki\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong hai l\u1edbp ABABAB… \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n, trong khi c\u00e1c ion nh\u00f4m l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u03b1-Al2O3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u03b2-Al2O3<\/p>\n

\u03b2-Al2O3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t aluminat, l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 oxit nh\u00f4m. C\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Na+ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhanh trong l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 tinh th\u1ec3 \u03b2-Al2O3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n r\u1eafn quan tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u03b2-Al2O3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n r\u1eafn trong pin natri-l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn ion v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u03b3-Al2O3<\/p>\n

\u03b3-Al2O3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m oxit \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c ion oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, trong khi c\u00e1c ion nh\u00f4m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng b\u00e1t di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ion oxy, thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac spinel. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u03b3-Al2O3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kho\u1ea3ng 500~700\u2103. \u03b3-Al2O3 kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan trong axit ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m oxit tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u03b1-Al2O3 l\u00e0 pha tinh th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 pha chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, nh\u00f4m oxit chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh pha \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u03b1-Al2O3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u s\u00e0ng qu\u1eb7ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00eau k\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o alumina nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m hydroxit c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c alumina c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh pha chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n pha \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh pha \u03b1 Al2O3.<\/p>\n

Gibbsite (Al(OH)3) v\u00e0 boehmite (AlOOH) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u03b1-Al2O3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00f4m hydroxit chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh alumina chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e1n b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng pha \u03b1-Al2O3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n pha b\u00e1n b\u1ec1n \u03b3-Al2O3 th\u00e0nh pha \u03b1-\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u03b1-Al2O3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u03b1-Al2O3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n, v.v. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u03b1-Al2O3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng giun, d\u1ea1ng v\u1ea3y, d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed9t, d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u, d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 alumina v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00ec v\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 alumina c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a alumina l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9t alumina. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a alumina c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u03b1-Al2O3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng alumina. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 \u03b1-Al2O3 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 \u03b1-Al2O3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u03b1-Al2O3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 alumina v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 alumina c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":134313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134349"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134350,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134349\/revisions\/134350"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/134313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}