{"id":135260,"date":"2024-12-06T10:43:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T02:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/135260\/"},"modified":"2024-12-06T10:43:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T02:43:28","slug":"sac-to-huu-co-sac-to-vo-co-va-thuoc-nhuom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/135260\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u01a1, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1ef1a, s\u01a1n, m\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y. Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may (nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c, s\u01a1n, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, nh\u1ef1a, cao su, v.v.).<\/p>\n

Nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u cho h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t may tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m v\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 nhu\u1ed9m. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nhu\u1ed9m: thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u (bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1).<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i nhu\u1ed9m, h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhu\u1ed9m. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u ch\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i nhu\u1ed9m, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nhu\u1ed9m, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, dung m\u00f4i, v.v. c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhu\u1ed9m s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m s\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ef1c nhu\u1ed9m d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng, d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t, d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 in k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 nhu\u1ed9m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: \u2460 In tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1: m\u1ef1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean v\u1ea3i polyester, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 in phun thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sau khi in \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u; \u2461 In chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean in m\u1ef1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00ean gi\u1ea5y in chuy\u1ec3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n in chuy\u1ec3n th\u0103ng hoa.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m axit<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m axit l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m axit trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m axit sunfonic. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m axit c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m axit cacboxylic v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1i natri sunfonat ho\u1eb7c natri cacboxylat. Ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ion h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh anion thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m axit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i protein v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i polyamide b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion, li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c van der Waals, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 in len, l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 nylon.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i cellulose ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i protein th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i cellulose nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i cotton, v\u1ea3i lanh v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i viscose (l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cellulose t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, s\u1eady v\u00e0 x\u01a1 b\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc). Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, len v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u<\/p>\n

M\u00e0u v\u00e0 in b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i protein, s\u1ee3i cellulose, polyester, nylon, vinylon, s\u1ee3i acrylic, s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, s\u1ee3i viscose, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p polyester-cotton, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p polyester-len, v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea3i in b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1edd tay k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khi \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n khi gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i nhu\u1ed9m, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":135222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135261,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135260\/revisions\/135261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}