{"id":99247,"date":"2020-10-13T15:37:55","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T07:37:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/99247\/"},"modified":"2021-08-10T10:38:37","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T02:38:37","slug":"cac-tac-nhan-va-quy-trinh-bien-tinh-be-mat-cua-canxi-cacbonat-nhe-thuong-duoc-su-dung-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/99247\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (2,4-2,8mL \/ g) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1eafng (1,1-1,9mL \/ g) c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 CaCO\u2083, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c axit m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i canxi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (nh\u01b0 canxi clorua CaCl2<\/sub>), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed cacbonic. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (25 \u2103), t\u00edch n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 8,7 \/ 1029 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tan l\u00e0 0,0014; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 9,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10,2; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb PH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 8,0-8,6; Canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i 2,7-2,9; th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1eafng tr\u00ean 2,5ml \/ g, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang kho\u1ea3ng 5\u33a1 \/ g.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb. N\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh canxi oxit v\u00e0 carbon dioxide \u1edf 82,5 \u2103. Tan trong axit lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed cacbonic, kh\u00f4ng tan trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 aragonit h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kia l\u00e0 canxit l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi. Canxit g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

a.) C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c xoay, h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00ecnh kim, chu\u1ed7i, h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, v\u1ea3y v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

b.) K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

c.) K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 1-3\u03bcm. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t tr\u1ee5c ng\u1eafn trong k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t ba tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t tr\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao. L\u1ef1c li\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro, c\u1ea7u oxy,\u2026 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat d\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf; Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh -OH, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong polyme cao. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi polyme v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi polyme.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a polyme b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t canxi cacbonat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc; c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m axit stearic (mu\u1ed1i), ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i titanate, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i aluminat, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1i axit aluminat zirconium v\u00e0 polypropylene atactic, s\u00e1p polyethylene, v.v.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i SLG, m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n xo\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7ng s\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t); nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u00fa (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t); s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, … Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

1. Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc), khu\u1ea5y canxi cacbonat trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c canxi cacbonat nano.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u01b0\u1edbt. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u1ebfu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u oxy li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t canxi cacbonat truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t axit stearic (mu\u1ed1i)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t axit stearic (mu\u1ed1i) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh canxi cacbonat. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t anion. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m alkyl m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a polyme. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u01b0a b\u00e9o, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kia l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m cacboxyl, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a axit stearic (mu\u1ed1i) canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec1m, ROOH- ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Ca2 + v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a canxi axit b\u00e9o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1i l\u1ef1c N\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0a b\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Yue Linhai v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a natri stearat l\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf canxi cacbonat t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Jin Ruidi v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat b\u1eb1ng natri stearat. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb canxi hydroxit th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a natri stearat \u1edf d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion. Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, canxi stearat kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t photphat v\u00e0 axit photphoric ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o kh\u00e1c (este) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat. Sau khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng polyphotphat (ADDP) v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u01b0a b\u00e9o. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a PVC \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit stearic v\u00e0 natri dodecylbenzen sulfonat \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

(3) Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mu\u1ed1i amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1i amoni b\u1eadc b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c polyme \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n

Zhang Zhihong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cation m\u1edbi Cetyl dimethyl allyl amoni clorua (CDAAC) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i canxi cacbonat m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cao su v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ed9t canxi cacbonat v\u00e0o m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4 l\u00e0: tr\u1ed9n nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 canxi cacbonat m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea9m. \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi -OH tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat. Nh\u00f3m \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ee7a polyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau, canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i titanate, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i aluminat, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i borat v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(1) T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i Titanate<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i titanate. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i titanat v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 parafin l\u1ecfng (d\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng), ete d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa, d\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, etanol tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v.v … \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 pha lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u1ed1i titanat ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 0,5% -3,0%. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 100-120 \u00b0 C. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i titanate v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i tr\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng phun ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c SLG, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i pha lo\u00e3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i titanat v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i titanat c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyme. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, do ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i titanat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyme, n\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c polyme h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo, v.v. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n canxi cacbonat kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c canxi cacbonat axit stearic (mu\u1ed1i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u1ed1i titanat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PVC, PP, PE v\u00e0 masterbatch ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng aluminat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p canxi cacbonat \/ parafin l\u1ecfng, cho th\u1ea5y canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, canxi cacbonat ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a sau khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CaCO3 \/ PP (polypropylene), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai.<\/p>\n

(3) S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p canxi cacbonat d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i canxi cacbonat, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p Titanate.<\/p>\n

Axit stearic. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd canxi cacbonat v\u1edbi axit stearic \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 quan. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p axit stearic v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i titanate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung axit stearic v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o bismaleimide. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p composite, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a n\u1ec1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cBai Yanhua\u201d ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i titanate \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ef1a-80, vv C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t polyme. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p phun ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u00fang nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0o tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ( Tr\u1ed9n), ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p canxi cacbonat l\u00e0 canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i titanat. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u1ed1i titanate \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o, ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, v.v … c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n canxi cacbonat, t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n canxi cacbonat sau khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 2,7-2,8g \/ cm3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH t\u1eeb 7-8 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (bao g\u1ed3m canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat n\u1eb7ng), ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng polyvinyl clorua c\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u cho ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, m\u1ef1c in, ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7, v.v.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i polyme<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat b\u1eb1ng polyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat trong pha h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng). C\u00e1c polyme n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c oligomer, polyme cao v\u00e0 polyme h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymaleic acid, polyacrylic acid, alkoxy styrene-Polyme c\u1ee7a axit styrene sulfonic, polypropylene, polyethylene, v.v.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t polyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i. Polyme \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi polyme d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat, dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c polyme n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho canxi cacbonat c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f4 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n nh\u1ef1a m\u1edbi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n c\u1eaft cao, \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ed1t, l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a, tan ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed5 sung cao, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong d\u00e2y \u0111ai, t\u00fai d\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ed7ng polyetylen (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, v.v.), m\u00e0ng, v.v. Theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n masterbatch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cacbonat canxi cacbonat atactic (APP masterbatch ), h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh canxi cacbonat s\u00e1p polyetylen v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p canxi cacbonat polyetylen.<\/p>\n

APP masterbatch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 polypropylene ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, tinh ch\u1ebf m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t. Canxi cacbonat ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi polypropylene ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 polypropylene atactic v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 1: 3-1: 10. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a polypropylene atactic, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a polypropylene isotactic ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a polyethylene th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 polypropylene atactic v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a APP masterbatch.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f4 ch\u00ednh APP, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi polypropylene atactic, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n polypropylene ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 10\u03bcm, 50\u03bcm v\u00e0 100\u03bcm, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a polypropylene v\u00e0 canxi cacbonat ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean poly \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a acrylic. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u canxi cacbonat l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1p polyetylen ho\u1eb7c polyetylen thay v\u00ec polypropylen ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y canxi cacbonat ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n l\u00f4 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p polyetylen canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n l\u00f4 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng polyetylen canxi cacbonat.<\/p>\n

5. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i plasma v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng plasma ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p argon (Ar) v\u00e0 propylene \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (C3H6) l\u00e0m kh\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd plasma \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9t canxi cacbonat n\u1eb7ng (1250 mesh) b\u1eb1ng plasma nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n Ar- Canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C3H6 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi polypropylene (PP). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi polypropylene (PP).<\/p>\n

6. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 c\u01a1<\/p>\n

Axit photphoric \u0111\u1eb7c (axit methosphoric ho\u1eb7c axit pyrophosphoric) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t cacbonat canxi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu axit k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t canxi cacbonat. \u0110\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0 5,0-8,0 (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1,0-5,0 so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t), n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c axit y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 axit axetic, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng axit t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, k\u1ebdm sunfat v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cacbon h\u00f3a cacbonat canxi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho cao su styren butadien, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n x\u00e9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sau khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbt th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat. Do \u0111\u00f3, quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a kh\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh canxi cacbonat c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi canxi cacbonat nano ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee7, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

(1) M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eafng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc sang k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm do s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03c9.<\/p>\n

\u03c9 = tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i trong m\u1eabu (g) \u200b\u200b\/ t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu (g)
\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u03c9 t\u1eeb 0-100% ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nh\u01b0 sau, c\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 5g m\u1eabu, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,01g, th\u00eam 200ml n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft 250ml, l\u1eafc qua l\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong 1 min v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 120 l\u1ea7n \/ ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean gi\u00e1 ph\u1ec5u. v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean trong 20-30 ph\u00fat, sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, cho canxi cacbonat ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o ch\u00e9n c\u00e1t th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,001g) \u1edf 105 \u00b1 5 \u2103 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p s\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf 105 \u00b1 5 \u2103, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,001g.<\/p>\n

(2) Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat nano kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf. Sau khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat nano bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ec1m, d\u1ec5 m\u1edf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(3) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t canxi cacbonat. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt s\u1ebd t\u0103ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh s\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Canxi cacbonat nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (2,4-2,8mL \/ g) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1eafng (1,1-1,9mL \/ g) c\u1ee7a canxi cacbonat n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":84086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghiep-tin-tuc-vi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99247\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpapowder.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}